There are many initiators of transformer failures, but those which can potentially lead to catastrophic failure are:

1. Mechanical failure
2. Dielectric failure

In both cases, the transformer is no longer able to perform its intended function of carrying load and stepping down (or up) the voltage. Some of the most common reasons are listed below :

-Lighting Surges
-Line Surges/External Short Circuit
-Poor Workmanship-Manufacturer
-Deterioration of Insulation
-Overloading
-Moisture
-Inadequate Maintenance
-Sabotage, Malicious Mischief

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