An ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus.[2] One week later an Italian man repatriated back to Italy from the city of Wuhan, China, was hospitalised and confirmed as the third case in Italy.[3] A cluster of cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in Lombardy on 21 February,[4] and 60 additional cases and first deaths on 22 February.[5] By the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all regions of Italy.[6]
On 31 January, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven municipalities in northern Italy were identified as the centres of the two main Italian clusters and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two clusters.[7] On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy, placing more than 60 million people in quarantine.[8][9][10] On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and pharmacies.[11][12] On 21 March, the Italian government closed all non-essential businesses and industries, with additional restrictions to movement of people.[13]
On 6 March 2020, the Italian College of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published medical ethics recommendations regarding triage protocols that might be employed.[14][15][16] By 29 March, Italy had conducted about 454,000 tests for the virus.[17]
As of 29 March 2020, Italy is one of the world's centres of active coronavirus cases with 73,880 active cases.[18] The total of confirmed cases is 97,689, with 10,779 deaths, and 13,030 recoveries.[1] On 19 March, Italy became the country with the highest number of confirmed deaths in the world.[19]