Between the Karakoram Range and the Himalaya, Ladakh is the highest plateau in India. The arid landscape of the high altitude desert of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, North India is relieved by few rivers, most of which are tributaries of the great Indus River. The Indus River originates from Mansarovar Lake in Tibet and is known as such after is is formed with the confluence of the Sengge Chu / Singhe River and the Gar River. It then passes through Ladakh before going on to Pakistan and joining the Kabul River before ending up at a Delta east of Karachi in Pakistan. The River is also known as Sengge Chu, Darya-e-Sindh, Sinthos, Abaseen and Mehran and is the is the longest and most important river in Pakistan.

The Indus system is largely fed by the snows and glaciers of the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush ranges of Tibet, the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir and the Northern Areas of Pakistan respectively. The flow of the river is also determined by the seasons - it diminishes greatly in the winter, while flooding its banks in the monsoon months from July to September. There is also evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since prehistoric times - it deviated westwards from flowing into the Rann of Kutch and adjoining Banni grasslands after the 1816 earthquake.

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