In the 403 seat Uttar Pradesh Assembly, the BJP had won 303 seats in the 2017 state election. The principle opposition, Samajwadi Party, managed to win 49 seats, while the Bahujan Samaj Party and Congress could muster only 15 and 7 seats, respectively.

The BJP has allied with several small caste-based parties in the state, including Bharatiya Samata Samaj Party and Bhartiya Manav Samaj Party. The Samajwadi Party has announced alliance with OP Rajbhar's Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party, who was earlier in alliance with the BJP. The Congress, meanwhile, has not formed any alliance in the state so far.