Phenylephrine Uses, Dose and preparation of drug by Anesthesia Technologist || Anesthesia Drugs

Phenylephrine is a medication primarily used as a decongestant, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids.[2][3] It was long maintained that when taken orally as a decongestant, it relieves nasal congestion due to colds and hay fever.[2] Phenylephrine can be taken by mouth, as a nasal spray, given by injection into a vein or muscle, or applied to the skin.[2]

Common side effects when taken by mouth or injected include nausea, vomiting, headache, and anxiety.[2] Use on hemorrhoids is generally well tolerated.[2] Severe side effects may include a slow heart rate, intestinal ischemia, chest pain, kidney failure, and tissue death at the site of injection.[2][3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe.[2] Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins.[2]

Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938.[4] It is available as a generic medication.[3] Unlike pseudoephedrine, abuse of phenylephrine is very uncommon.[5]

As of 2022, there is push back on the effectiveness of phenylephrine as a decongestant,[6] often fused with the supposition that phenylephrine is coasting on its historical status within the Food and Drug Administration's regulatory sphere as an established substitute for the proven use of pseudoephedrine as a decongestant, whose availability has been restricted by law due to its use in the illicit synthesis of methamphetamine.[7]

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