HMPV: Human Metapneumovirus

HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is a respiratory virus that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. Discovered in 2001, it is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.


1. Transmission:
- Spread primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- Can also spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or hands.

2. Symptoms:
- Mild cases: Fever, cough, nasal congestion, and sore throat (similar to a common cold).
- Severe cases: Wheezing, difficulty breathing, bronchitis, or pneumonia, especially in high-risk groups.

3. Risk Groups:
- Infants and young children.
- Older adults.
- People with weakened immune systems.
- Individuals with chronic lung or heart conditions.

4. Seasonality:
- HMPV infections are more common in late winter and early spring, similar to other respiratory viruses.

5. Diagnosis:
- Confirmed via laboratory tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen detection from respiratory samples.

6. Treatment:
- There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV.
- Supportive care: Hydration, fever control, and oxygen therapy for severe cases.

7. Prevention:
- Good hygiene: Frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
- Cleaning and disinfecting commonly touched surfaces.
- Wearing masks to reduce transmission, particularly during outbreaks.

Comparison with Other Viruses:
HMPV often presents similarly to other respiratory viruses like RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), influenza, or rhinoviruses but is less well-known. It is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory infections in children after RSV.