A senior Taliban commander has warned the United States that it will be defeated in Afghanistan, even if it sends an extra 200,000 US troops.
Located in the so-called valley of death near the border with Pakistan, Taliban fighters vowed to fight to the very end.
However, the movement will not just be battling foreign forces as the Afghan government, with help from US and Nato forces, moves to equip and train tribal fighters.
Al Jazeera's Hashem Ahelbarra reports from Kabul, the Afghan capital.