According to Unicef, about 80,000 children in Romania live in institutions or with substitute families away from parental care.
Following an investigation by Romanian and UK authorities, Tandarei, a small town in the east of the country, has become the centre of an international investigation over alleged child trafficking.
Dozens of people are about to go on trial, accused of training children to become criminals and then sending them to Britain to carry out crimes.
Stephen Cole reports from Tandarei.