Earth's Extremes - Volcanoes in Chile - #Part 2

Kaushik Biswas 2016-07-03

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Alitar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alitar

Acamarachi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acamarachi

Colachi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colachi

Laguna Verde (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_Verde_(volcano)

Cerro Overo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Overo

Aguas Calientes (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aguas_Calientes_(volcano)

Lascar (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascar_(volcano)

Chiliques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiliques

Cordón de Puntas Negras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordón_de_Puntas_Negras

Miñiques
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miñiques

Caichinque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caichinque

Pular (volcano)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pular_(volcano)

El Negrillar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Negrillar

Socompa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socompa

Llullaillaco
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llullaillaco

Cerro Escorial
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Escorial

Lastarria
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lastarria

Cordón del Azufre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordón_del_Azufre

Cerro Bayo Complex
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Bayo_Complex

Dos Crateres
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_Crateres

Sierra de Gorbea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_de_Gorbea

Dos Puntas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dos_Puntas

Sierra Nevada de Lagunas Bravas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_de_Lagunas_Bravas

Falso Azufre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falso_Azufre

Pukao (seamount)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukao_(seamount)

Incahuasi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incahuasi

Cerro Solo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Solo

Poike
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poike

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile

Music: Animal,Max Surla; Media Right Productions; YouTube Audio Library

A volcano is a rupture on the crust of a planetary mass object, such as the Earth, which allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

Earth's volcanoes occur because the planet's crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in the Earth's mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging. For example, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates pulling apart; the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates coming together. Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates, e.g., in the East African Rift and the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and Rio Grande Rift in North America. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of "plate hypothesis" volcanism. Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth. Volcanoes are usually not created where two tectonic plates slide past one another.

Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high operating temperature; the melted particles then adhere to the turbine blades and alter their shape, disrupting the operation of the turbine. Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's lower atmosphere (or troposphere); however, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the upper atmosphere (or stratosphere). Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic famines.

At the mid-oceanic ridges, two tectonic plates diverge from one another as new oceanic crust is formed by the cooling and solidifying of hot molten rock. Because the crust is very thin at these ridges due to the pull of the tectonic plates, the release of pressure leads to adiabatic expansion and the partial melting of the mantle, causing volcanism and creati

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